pmjs logs for month of September 2000. Total number of messages for month: 105 messages (64 in log)
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Logs made from old list-bot archives. Japanese does not display but will be added later on separate page if/when possible.
data-bases of classical tanka and/or pre-modern Japaneseliterature
(Janine Beichman , Michael Watson, Robert E. Morrell, Ivo Smits, Nobumi Iyanaga, Kendon Stubbs)
phallic connotations of sword and sword-play in pre-modern Japanese literature (Daniel Gallimore, Keller Kimbrough, Wayne Farris, Nobumi Iyanaga, Janine Beichman, A.M. Cohen)
utsuki [sunflower] (Wayne Farris)
Retired Emperor Yoshimitsu (Royall Tyler, Mikael S. Adolphson, Thomas Conlan)
profiles for Karl Friday, Mary Louise Nagata, Brian Betty
"Bungo references" [Learning/teaching classical Japanese] (Brian Betty, Lawrence Marceau, Janine Beichman, Laurel Rasplica Rodd, Robert Khan, Richard Bowring, Anthony Bryant, David Pollack, Kendon Stubbs, Lewis Cook, Philip C. Brown, Robert E. Morrell, Peter Hendriks, Rein Raud, Michael Watson, Nicola Liscutin, John R. Bentley, Stephen D. Miller, Noel John Pinnington, Hitomi Tonomura, Bjarke Frellesvig, Stephen M. Forrest, Royall Tyler, Norma Field, Ivo Smits, Laurel Rasplica Rodd, Susan Matisoff, Jordi Escurriola, John R. Wallace, George Perkins, H. Mack Horton, Mary Louise Nagata, Michael Wachutka) 51 messages omitted here, see bungo archive
Korean romanization (Michael Watson, William Bodiford, Brian Betty, John R. Bentley, Kenneth R. Robinson, Wayne Farris, Michael Wachutka, Robert E. Morrell)
--> Reconstructed Chinese dictionaries (Wayne Farris, William Bodiford, John R. Bentley, Kenneth R. Robinson, Brian Betty)
work on chusei nihongi (Vyjayanthi Ratnam, Michael Wachutka, John R. Bentley, Wayne Farris, Hank Glassman, Jacqueline Stone, Richard Bowring, David Lurie, Haruko Wakabayashi)
Chakras, Kundalini and Tachikawa (Noel John Pinnington, Hank Glassman, Michael Watson. Wayne Farris, William Bodiford, Fabio Rambelli)
profiles of new members: Paul Warnick, Andrea Winters, Fabio Rambelli
Lightly edited (see "principles"). Editorial comments in italics.
Date: Sep 01 2000 23:30:43 EDT
From: Janine Beichman <jani...@....vc-net.ne.jp>
Subject: [pmjs] data-bases of classical tanka and/or pre-modern Japanese literature
Does anyone know of a data-base, either on CD-Rom or on the web, where I
could look up occurrences of the flowers kaidou (flowering crab-apple) and
botan (peony) in pre-modern Japanese literature? Or, does anyone know if
either of them were ever used in the classical tanka?
I've looked at the Kokka Taikan index, but it only has first lines, so no
way of knowing if there are any poems that used either name in lines 2
through 5 (there aren't any that use them in line 1, though, I can tell you
that.) I've also looked at Kokugo Daijiten. But beyond that, I'm stumped. I
doubt very much that either was used in any of the imperial tanka
anthologies but wonder about Tokugawa period tanka...etc. Any thoughts
appreciated!
Have I possibly missed a concordance of all the words used in any work of
pre-modern literature?
Janine Beichman
Date: Sep 02 2000 01:19:03 EDT
From: Michael Watson <wat...@...eijigakuin.ac.jp>
Subject: Re: [pmjs] data-bases of classical tanka and/or pre-modernJapanese literature
...@...-(J 1$B!"F|K\8EE5J83XBg7O(J vol. 34, p. 46, line 1
It is not much help, Janine, but I can locate six occurrences of BOTAN in
Taiheiki. That was all found when searching NKBT electronically. No luck
with the crab-apple kaidou, at least not with the kanji.
tachimachi ni hekigyoku no botan no hana no sengen-taru isshi ari
$B9z%KJK6L!J%X%-%.%h%/!K%N24C0!J%\%?%s!K%N2V%NUIU/!J%;%s%2%s!K%?%k0l;^!J%7!K%"(J
$B%j!#(J(Taiheiki 1, NKBT vol. 34, p. 46, line 1)
I hope others can suggest different ways of searching.
Michael Watson
Date: Sep 02 2000 02:53:51 EDT
From: Janine Beichman <jani...@....vc-net.ne.jp>
Subject: Re: [pmjs] data-bases of classical tanka and/or pre-modernJapanese literature
Michael, thank you so much. Since sending my letter I have found out that
the first appearance of the botan in pmj literature is very likely Kagerou
Nikki and that it also appears in Makura no soushi (this from engei
shokubutsu hyakka jiten). Also kaidou came to Japan from China only in Edo
period, so couldn't appear before then. Occurrences of botan in Taiheiki
*are* a help. What is the data base you looked at? (sorry if you already
told me but I can't read Japanese on my email program).
Now I'm wondering about the Genji--but if you searched an NKBT
electronically (do you have a CD-rom of it? If there is one, I want it!)
you must have included that right? I found Shibuya-san's page, and started
to search, but it takes forever.....looked at your page, too (some of the
links don't work anymore), as it came up right after his on Google when I
searched Genji monogatari--you have a great biblio, I must say.
Date: Sep 02 2000 03:04:52 EDT
From: Hagor...@....com
Subject: [pmjs]
I wonder if anyone can tell me whether the sword, and swordplay, have phallic
connotations in pre-modern Japanese literature. It would be useful to have a
reference either to a source or book on the period.
Daniel Gallimore
hagor...@....com
daniel.gallim...@...acre.ox.ac.uk
Postgraduate Research Student
Co-Editor, Linacre Journal
Linacre College,
Oxford OX1 3JA
When I find the original of the following message, I'll add Japanese (on separate page, as this page is in ISO i.e. Western character code).
Date: Sep 02 2000 09:47:40 EDT
From: Michael Watson <wat...@...eijigakuin.ac.jp>
Subject: Re: [pmjs] data-bases of classical tanka and/orpre-modernJapanese literature
The recent CD-ROMs of GENJI were introduced earlier on this list.
http://www.meijigakuin.ac.jp/~pmjs/archive/arch08.html
I still haven't taken the plunge, getting by fine with the Zenshu edition
obtained years ago from OTA, Oxford textual archives, together with an
e-text of Seidensticker.
The only reference I can find in GENJI is a flower "kutani" mentioned in
"Otome" which old commentaries identify as the modern botan.
The garden in the north-east (Hanachiru's) corner of Rokujo
... mukashi oboyuru hana-tachibana, nadeshiko, soubi, kutani nado you no
hana kusagusa o uete... NKBZ [older edition] 3.73 line 5 (and note 29) cf.
Seidensticker p. 384.
Quoting the whole sentence in Japanese (with apologies to Janine)
$BA06a$-A0:O!"8bC]!"2<IwNC$7$+$k$Y$/!"LZ9b$-?9$N$d$&$J$kLZ$I$bLZ?<$/$*$b$7$m$/!"(J
$B;3N$$a$-$F!"1,2V...@...3$H$5$i$K$7$o$?$7$...@...$\$f$k2V5L!"Io;R!"i,i/!"$/$?(J
$B$K$J$I$d$&$N2V$/$5$0$5$r?"$q$F!"=U=)$NLZAp!"$=$NCf$K$&$A$^$<$?$j!#(J
Janine writes
> the first appearance of the botan in pmj literature is very likely Kagerou
> Nikki and that it also appears in Makura no soushi
The flower (by any name) or the word BOTAN? Yamato-kotoba or kara-kotoba?
The term BOTAN appears as early as Izumo Fudoki (NKBT 2, p. 116, line 15).
But to be sure:
Makura no soushi section 143.
Dai no mae ni ueraretarikeru botan nado no okashiki koto...
$BgJ$NA0$K?"$q$i$l$?$j$1$k24C0$J$I$N$r$+$7$-$3$H(J
Kagero nikki section "Nishiyama no midera"
...mada nani tomo shiranu kusa-domo shigeki naka ni boutan kusa mo ito
nasakenage ni te...
$B...@...K$H$s!J!J$b!K!K$7$i$LAp$I$b$7$2$-$J$+$K!"$\$&$?$s!J!J24C0!K!KAp$I$b$$(J
$B$H$J$5$1$J$2$K$F!D(J
The double parenthesis indicates editorial rubi in the original e-text. The
orthography boutan is interesting.
This is also how it is written in _Eiga monogatari_ (NKBT 76 p. 87)
... soubin boutan kara-nadeshiko beni renge (?) no hana ...
$Bi,i/!J$5$&$S$s!K!&24C0!J$\$&$?$s!K!&EbbZsN!J$+$i$J$G$7$3!K9HO!2V$N2V!J$O$J!K(J
"roses, peonies, Chinese pinks and red lotus blossoms below it" (McCullough
& McCullough _Tale of Flowering Fortunes_ p. 569)
I've been less successful in finding botan in early poetry.
Often in Chinese poetry--Bo Juyi in Wakan roeishu (666 etc.) or
Michizane--but the earliest lyric I found far is in a shamisen nagauta song:
"natsu wa hototogisu / u no hana ni ayamegusa / botan shakuyaku atsu chiri
na kotsu chiru na" ("atsu" and "kotsu" seem to mean "atchi" and "kotchi")
NKBT 44 _Chuusei kinsei kayoushuu__ From a nagauta "Haru kaze" in the
collection "Matsu no ha" (p. 401 lines 11-12)
Other earli(sh) examples include the Noh play "Shakkyou" and the otogizoshi
"Kara-ito soushi" (name of a shirabyoushi performer). Many many more from
Kinsei. Details to Janine off-list.
And my sources? Electronic texts of NKBT. Escaped from captivity at last.
Some of you know about them already. Leaving for now the question of how to
get hold of them, I'd like to end with a quick note on doing word searches.
Now that electronic texts are more and more available, it's easy to collect
an astonishing number of texts on one's hard drive. The usual word
processor's search functions can usually only handle one file at a time.
The answer--as X. Jie Yang on this list so kindly taught me--is GREP.
Whatever it stands for, it is a search function of "text editors" which are
small, clever pieces of software, frequently available as freeware or at
least shareware. The GREP function allows a simultaneous and fast word
search through a whole folder (hard disk, CD-ROM) of files. The search
result will list file name and the word or phrase in context, and allow you
to double-click open the file in question to examine the passage.
Jie uses "Hidemaru" for Windows, one of many Japanese-savvy GREP editors
available. They are less common for Mac, but I searched and found "Moji
kensaku" which works very well with NKBT (100 large files) or any large
textual corpus, in Japanese or English. Freely downloadable from:
http://plaza15.mbn.or.jp/~mosura/depot/index.html
Dismounting from my latest hobby horse,
Michael Watson
P.S. Apologies for "typist's" romanization (OU for the doubled vowel).
Date: Sep 02 2000 12:55:49 EDT
From: Keller Kimbrough <rk...@...ginia.edu>
Subject: [pmjs] phallic swords
Hello Daniel,
I know of only one such example of a sword having phallic connotations in a
work of pre-modern Japanese literature. In the otogizoshi _Izumi Shikibu_,
Izumi Shikibu abandons a baby son when she is fourteen. She leaves a short
sword with the infant, and she keeps the sheath of the sword for herself.
The child is adopted and raised as a monk. He later falls in love with
Izumi Shikibu (not realizing that she is his mother), and they sleep
together. The next morning, Izumi Shikibu learns from the monk that he was
abandoned when he was a baby, and that he always carries the short sword
that was left with him as a child. Izumi Shikibu takes the sword sheath
that she has carried since abandoning her son, and in a seemingly symbolic
re-enactment of their incestuous act, she fits them together. In this way
she learns that the monk is her son. I've written about this in my
dissertation, "Imagining Izumi Shikibu: Representations of a Heian Woman
Poet in the Literature of Medieval Japan" (Yale, 1999).
By the way, the story has a happy ending. Izumi Shikibu's inadvertent
sexual encounter with her son proves to be so traumatic that it leads her
to a Buddhist awakening, eventually allowing her to attain enlightenment
(bodai). Her son the monk, who is renowned for his ability to turn
people's hearts to the Way, succeeds in "impregnating" his own mother with
a desire for Buddhahood.
Keller Kimbrough
Date: Sep 02 2000 11:58:12 EDT
From: wwf1 <w...@...ux.utcc.utk.edu>
Subject: RE: [pmjs]
Dear Daniel,
I don't know about literature, but certainly the oversized bronze
spearpoints and swords might carry that connotation for the Yayoi period. One
easy place to check for the theme is the multivolume YAYOI BUNKA NO KENKYUU
filled with essays by archaeologists.
Wayne Farris
Date: Sep 02 2000 15:36:24 EDT
From: "Robert E. Morrell" <rober...@...sci.wustl.edu>
Subject: Re: [pmjs] data-bases of classical tanka and/or pre-modernJapanese literature
Has any one yet mentioned Kimura Youjirou's _Soumoku meii jiten_ (Tokyo:
Kashiwa Shobou, 1991; 481 pp.!)? Both botan and kaidou (kaidau) are
listed, with line drawings, variants, etc., and yes, literary sources --
12 or so for botan , with Kagero nikki apparently the first; and about 10
for kaidou, starting with Ichidai otoko and Eitaigura, but then continuing
with the pre-Edo (1444) _Kagakushuu_ (if you consider this to be
"literature") and seven other items whose names I don't recall seeing
before. The colophon says that Kimura was born in 1912, took a
degree in botany from Tokyo Imperial University, and lists eight of his
books on botanical subjects. . . . Good luck.
Bob
Date: Sep 02 2000 16:50:08 EDT
From: Ivo Smits <ivo.sm...@...e.edu>
Subject: Re: [pmjs] data-bases of classical tanka and/or pre-modernJapanese literature
Someone may have mentioned this already, but there
does exist a CD-ROM edition of 'Kokka taikan' --
ourageously expensive, since Kadokawa shoten wishes to
make as much money w ith it as it does with the book
edition.
Anyway, your university might have it or order it. It
certainly would facilitate looking for 'kaidou' (not
to mention 'botan') in waka.
Best wishes,
Ivo Smits
Date: Sep 02 2000 22:11:45 EDT
From: Nobumi Iyanaga <n-iya...@....bekkoame.ne.jp>
Subject: Re: [pmjs] phallic swords
Hello Daniel, Keller and others,
>At 3:01 AM 0.9.2 -0400, Hagor...@....com wrote:
> >I wonder if anyone can tell me whether the sword, and swordplay, have
>phallic
> >connotations in pre-modern Japanese literature. It would be useful to have a
> >reference either to a source or book on the period.
> >
> >Daniel Gallimore
This recalls me an important passage from a writing of the monk Jien, on a
dream that he had at the dawn of the Twenty-second of the Sixth month of
1203; in his interpretation of this dream (which deals with the sexuality
of the Emperor and the Queen), he evokes the image of the Seal of Sword and
Scabbard of the King Acala (Fodou tou-shou-in); the Sword would correspond
to the Treasure Sword of the imperial Regalia, symbolizing the body of the
King; and the Scabbard would correspond to the Divine Seal, symbolizing the
body of the Queen. The copulation of the one with the other would realize
the Seal of the King Acala.
Jien $B;|T$(B, Bizei betsu $...@...(B, i: text in the collection
$BetE7Bf=!A4=q(B, $BL)65(B
III, $Be4E5CpnYN`(B 2, $B=U=)<R(B, 1990, p. 231b14-232a3:
$B7z?N;0G/O;7nFs==FsF|6GL41>!#T"2&8fUoJ*...@...o7u...@...O6L=wLi!#:!6L=w%O:J9!(B
$B%NqsLi!#2&F...@...^F6L=wqs%KNa8rPr%X%O!#G==j6&%KL5:a]C!#:!...@...T@6^F%N6L=w(B
$BLi%H!#L4A[G7Cf%Kk4CNG7k?!#B68e!#:!L4k4]CL$k4]CG74V!#:!;v%rMMMM%K;WO"Li!#ITF0(B
$BEa>d0...@...!#Ea%OUo7uLi!#2&%NqsLi!#>d...@...i!#9!%NqsLi!#0J:!8rPrG...@...:!(B
$B0u]C!#I...@...`*2&G7K\B:]C!#(B...
Date: Sep 02 2000 22:49:09 EDT
From: Nobumi Iyanaga <n-iya...@....bekkoame.ne.jp>
Subject: Re: [pmjs] data-bases of classical tanka and/orpre-modernJapaneseliterature
Hello Michael,
[...]
>And my sources? Electronic texts of NKBT. Escaped from captivity at last.
>Some of you know about them already. Leaving for now the question of how to
>get hold of them, I'd like to end with a quick note on doing word searches.
Is it possible to ask you how one can get hold of these e-texts...??
>The answer--as X. Jie Yang on this list so kindly taught me--is GREP.
>Whatever it stands for, it is a search function of "text editors" which are
>small, clever pieces of software, frequently available as freeware or at
>least shareware. The GREP function allows a simultaneous and fast word
>search through a whole folder (hard disk, CD-ROM) of files. The search
>result will list file name and the word or phrase in context, and allow you
>to double-click open the file in question to examine the passage.
>
>Jie uses "Hidemaru" for Windows, one of many Japanese-savvy GREP editors
>available. They are less common for Mac, but I searched and found "Moji
>kensaku" which works very well with NKBT (100 large files) or any large
>textual corpus, in Japanese or English. Freely downloadable from:
> http://plaza15.mbn.or.jp/~mosura/depot/index.html
>
I downloaded "Fumble065.sit.bin" from page you mention, but it seems that
my StuffIt Expander (v. 5.1.2J) is unable to expand it. Have you any
idea...??
On the other hand, there is a very good grep program for the Mac, named
"MgrepApp" (where "M" means "multibyte" or "multilingual", and "App",
"application", because there is an OSAX version of the same grep program).
You can download it from
http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~iimori/sw/MgrepApp.html
This is a free program; it has a major problem: it is a beta version which
is expired since April (?) of this year. It seems that its author does not
update his programs any longer for some reason that I don't understand.
However, it works without problem, and it is VERY powerful. Each time you
launch it, it brings up a warning, saying that it is an expired version,
but you only have to press OK to that dialog, and it continues to work.
This program is fully scriptable, so that you can do anything you want with
it (except that you cannot launch it with script).
Best regards,
Nobumi Iyanaga
Date: Sep 03 2000 06:17:42 EDT
From: Janine Beichman <jani...@....vc-net.ne.jp>
Subject: Re: [pmjs] phallic swords
And who is King Acala? Why would Jien be dreaming about him and his wife?
Sounds interesting.
ate: Sep 03 2000 06:14:54 EDT
From: Janine Beichman <jani...@....vc-net.ne.jp>
Subject: Re: [pmjs] data-bases of classical tanka and/or pre-modern Japanese literature
Bob and Ivo, thank you very much. I found the Kokka Taikan listing on the
archived list of data-bases/CD-rom from PMJS but it's good to know someone
has found it useful; as for Kimura's work, this is the first I've heard of
it, but I'm going to start looking for it now, it sounds fascinating.
Date: Sep 03 2000 10:18:49 EDT
From: Keller Kimbrough <rk...@...ginia.edu>
Subject: Re: [pmjs] phallic swords
Dear Nobumi,
There is no easy answer to your question about the source of the Izumi
Shikibu story. There is a different Izumi Shikibu incest account in the
otogizoshi _Jippon ogi_, which is based on a relatively famous setsuwa
about a peasant boy who charmed Izumi Shikibu with a poem, but the
relationship of the _Jippon ogi_ account to the otogizoshi _Izumi Shikibu_
is unclear. Mother-son incest accounts are relatively uncommon in Heian,
Kamakura and Muromachi-period literature, and why Izumi Shikibu came to be
a subject of these is a mystery. There are many stories of an affair that
Izumi Shikibu supposedly had with the priest Domyo ("Domei," her son, in
_Izumi Shikibu_), and Yanagita Kunio argues in _Josei to minkan densho_
that Izumi Shikibu may have been identified as Domyo's mother in _Izumi
Shikibu_ because of suppositions (based on records of a certain poetic
exchange) that she had an affair with Domyo's father, Michitsuna. Nagai
Yoshinori speculates that the Izumi Shikibu / Domyo incest account resulted
from confusion between stories of Izumi Shikibu's son Eikaku (who was 39th
intendant of Tennoji Temple) and her supposed affair with Domyo (who was
27th intendant of Tennoji). Finally, Oshima Tatehiko proposes that the
Izumi Shikibu / Domyo incest account resulted from the presence of a
Roadside Deity (who Oshima argues were often associated with incest) in
early Izumi Shikibu / Domyo setsuwa. Personally, I think that these
explanations are interesting, but unconvincing. I can't think of a better
one, though, so I'll just say that I don't know.
Yours,
Keller Kimbrough
University of Virginia
Date: Sep 03 2000 14:03:41 EDT
From: Nobumi Iyanaga <n-iya...@....bekkoame.ne.jp>
Subject: Re: [pmjs] phallic swords
Hello Janine,
>And who is King Acala? Why would Jien be dreaming about him and his wife?
>Sounds interesting.
The common translation of Acala (pronunced like "Achala") in Japanese is
Fudou Myouou. He is one of the most common "wrathful deities" of the
Esoteric Buddhist Pantheon. Acala, in sanskrit, means "immobile", just as
the Japanese translation name; and it may be one of many names of the deity
"Siva (Shiva).
I hope this helps.
Best regards,
Nobumi Iyanaga
Date: Sep 03 2000 14:53:01 EDT
From: wwf1 <w...@...ux.utcc.utk.edu>
Subject: RE: [pmjs] phallic swords
Dear all,
While the conversation concerns flowering plants, can anyone tell me
what they know about the UTSUKI, which I believe is a type of sunflower
standing about 1.5-2 meters tall? They seem to have been involved in an early
summer peasant rite in the tenth through thirteenth centuries. Anyone know
anything about cultural associations?
Best regards,
Wayne Farris
Date: Sep 03 2000 15:32:51 EDT
From: Kendon Stubbs <kstu...@...ginia.edu>
Subject: RE: [pmjs] data-bases of classical tanka and/or pre-modernJapanese literature
A useful place to look for characters and words in pre-modern Japanese
literature is the Japanese Text Initiative (JTI) at
http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/japanese
You can search all texts together or individual works separately. JTI texts
currently include MYS, KKS, Ise, Professor Shibuya's three texts of Genji
(in the original, a modern translation, and Romaji), Makura no soushi, SKKS,
13 Noh plays, etc. For example, a search in kanji for "botan" produces 24
hits in Makura no soushi, SKKS, Saikaku, Buson (a number of examples), Issa,
and elsewhere. A search in hiragana for "botan" turns up another 8 hits in
Buson and Issa. There are apparently no examples of "kaidou" in the current
JTI texts.
The JTI is in the process of expanding its searchable texts to include
Heike monogatari, Kabuki plays, various nikki, additional poetry
anthologies, etc.
Kendon Stubbs
University of Virginia
Date: Sep 03 2000 16:22:22 EDT
From: Janine Beichman <jani...@....vc-net.ne.jp>
Subject: Re: [pmjs] phallic swords
Thank you, I see now. I just couldn't figure out what language that was
--Sanskrit! Good old Fudo Mhyo-o--and I didn't realize he was a king either.
Date: Sep 03 2000 17:01:05 EDT
From: Janine Beichman <jani...@....vc-net.ne.jp>
Subject: RE: [pmjs] data-bases of classical tanka and/orpre-modernJapanese literature
Thank you very much for that useful suggestion; I had not thought of
looking there and to be able to search among all the texts at once is
tremendously helpful --you can't do it, for ex., at Professor Shibuya's
Japanese site, at least I haven't figured out how to.
> A useful place to look for characters and words in pre-modern Japanese
>literature is the Japanese Text Initiative (JTI) at
>
> http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/japanese
Date: Sep 03 2000 22:04:49 EDT
From: "Michael G Watson" <mgwat...@...os.com>
Subject: [pmjs] databases
The old NKBT series of texts and the 21-imperial anthology database are two of
twelve databases available online from the site of the Kokubungaku kenkyu
shiryokan (NIJL=National Institute of Japanese Literature). See
http://www.nijl.ac.jp/databases/databases.htm
For copyright reasons there are strict restrictions on use and distribution,
and several of them, including the NKBT database, require online registration.
You will be issued with a log in name and password. One good idea is that if
you use the NKBT database in your research, you must give credit and send two
copies of your paper to NIJL.
The databases are as follows in quick and ready romanization (See page above
for Japanese). REG = registration required.
(1) Nihon koten bungaku = texts of old NKBT [REG]
(2) Kokusho = Kokusho kohon database (chosakuhen) koten soogo mokuroku
(3) Kindai bunken = Meiji ikou no bunken gazou database [REG]
(4) Shi*ryoukan shuzou shi*ryou = _Historical_ documents
(5) Nijuu-ichi-shuu = kihon text database (imperial anthologies) #1
(6) eiri Genji [Edo illust Genji] = kihon text database #2
(7) ennou = geinou kiroku database hensan group sakusei
(8) renga = renga soumoku hensankai sakusei
(9) toukan shozou mokuroku [online search of books and journals at NIJL]
(10) wakosho mokuroku [manuscripts and early printed books at NIJL]
(11) micro shiryou mokuroku [microfilms at NIJL]
(12) kokubungaku ronbun mokuroku [secondary literature]
Michael Watson
P.S.
I'll continue the technical discussion in a postscript for those interested
> From: Nobumi Iyanaga <n-iya...@....bekkoame.ne.jp>
> I downloaded "Fumble065.sit.bin" from page you mention, but it seems that
> my StuffIt Expander (v. 5.1.2J) is unable to expand it.
Stuffit Expander 5.5 expands it. After unstuffing the folder name is (in
Japanese) "Moji kensaku 064 folder" not "Fumble"--you might not have spotted
it. I've sent Iyanaga-san a copy directly. Meanwhile I've downloaded his
recommendation
> http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~iimori/sw/MgrepApp.html
and found it works very well, better in some ways than the simpler Moji
kensaku. Both get identical results in the tests I carried out (phew!) in
similar times (seconds) but with MgrepApp by choosing "Roman" or "nihongo"
before typing in search window, one can search for romanized and other words
with diacritics (e.g. Hogen, Oi). A big help. It also apparently handles
Chinese, Korean, etc. if these languages are installed. The menu interface is
all in English. Clear, illustrated help file in Japanese.
Date: Sep 04 2000 13:04:40 EDT
From: Kendon Stubbs <kstu...@...ginia.edu>
Subject: RE: [pmjs] data-bases of classical tanka and/or pre-modernJapanese literature
A correction after re-checking: There are 9 examples of "kaidou" in the
Japanese Text Initiative texts: in Saikaku, Buson, Ryokan, and Yosano
Akiko.
Kendon Stubbs
University of Virginia
Date: Sep 05 2000 06:58:45 EDT
From: Royall.Ty...@....edu.au (Royall Tyler)
Subject: [pmjs] Retired Emperor Yoshimitsu
Can anyone answer this one, or tell me where to find the answer?
According to Imatani Akira (JJS 18:1, Winter 1992), after Ashikaga Yoshimits
u "took the tonsure, [he] demanded at every opportunity to be accorded all t
he privileges of and ceremonies due to a retired emperor." Has anyone else
in Japanese history (I am not talking about Genji, obviously) enjoyed the ho
nor due a retired emperor without having reigned?
Royall Tyler
Date: Sep 05 2000 08:20:05 EDT
From: "Mikael S. Adolphson" <adol...@....harvard.edu>
Subject: Re: [pmjs] Retired Emperor Yoshimitsu
> Can anyone answer this one, or tell me where to find the answer?
>
> According to Imatani Akira (JJS 18:1, Winter 1992), after Ashikaga Yoshimits
> u "took the tonsure, [he] demanded at every opportunity to be accorded all t
> he privileges of and ceremonies due to a retired emperor." Has anyone else
> in Japanese history (I am not talking about Genji, obviously) enjoyed the ho
> nor due a retired emperor without having reigned?
>
> Royall Tyler
Hi,
Imatani's famous claim regarding Yoshimitsu's ambitions does indeed deserve
more attention. Was he trying to establish a new kind of monarchy? In either
case, there is little doubt that he extended his, and the bakufu's, power to
an unprecedented level. For example, in the hitherto almost untouchable
religious sphere, he managed to take over the Fujiwara chieftain's role in
appointments at K ukuji, and his 1396 initiation ceremony into the Tendai
teachings is said to have been the first one ever performed without an
imperial edict.
As for retired emperors who never ruled, we do of course have the famous
Go-Takakura (in from 1221 to 1223), who was the father of Go-Horikawa (tenno
1221-1232). The reason for this unprecedented appointment is naturally to be
found in the bakufu's exile of sovereigns and ex-monarchs who took part in
the Jokyu War. When Go-Horikawa was selected, his father (actually Prince
Morisada) was honored with the "in" title.
Both of these issues "happen" to be part of my "The Gates of Power,"
recently released by University of Hawaii Press (sorry for the shameless
plug).
Mikael S. Adolphson
Assistant Professor, Japanese History
Dept of East Asian Languages and Civilizations
Harvard University
Date: Sep 05 2000 09:12:47 EDT
From: "Thomas Conlan" <tcon...@...doin.edu>
Subject: Re: [pmjs] Retired Emperor Yoshimitsu
Greetings Royall, Mikael, and everyone,
In addition to the incidents Mikael mentioned, an important precedent for
granting the honorary rank of retired emperor (joko or dajo tenno) was
established in the fourteenth century. Go-Daigo refused to recognize the
accession and reign of the Kogon emperor in 1333 (Kogon had been enthroned under
the auspices of the Kamakura bakufu after Go-Daigo's 1331 revolt) but he
nevertheless granted Kogon the honorary 'in' title. Likewise, when the wars of
the Northern and Southern Courts ended in 1392, Yoshimitsu had Go-Kameyama of
the
Southern Court given the honorary 'in' of a retired emperor, even though the
legitimacy of his reign was never recognized by the Ashikaga. For a good account
of Go-Kameyama, see Mori Shigeaki's Yami no rekishi, Gonancho (Kadokawa, 1997).
Finally, the series Koshitsu seido shiryo (¹Äºº¿©ÅÙªÀΡ) has three highly
informative volumes on the honorary rank of dajo tenno (¬¿æ ·¹Ä).
Tom Conlan
Bowdoin College
Date: Sep 05 2000 10:53:22 EDT
From: Michael Watson <mwat...@...dion.ne.jp>
Subject: [pmjs] new profile
While this fascinating historical discussion is going on, I should belatedly
welcome another historian to the list
Karl Friday <kfri...@...hes.uga.edu>
Dept. of History, University of Georgia
Publications include: Hired Swords: the Rise of Private Warrior Power in
Early Japan (Stanford, 1992), Legacies of the Sword: the Kashima-Shinryu &
Samurai Martial Culture (U. Hawaii, 1997), "Valorous Butchers: the Art of
War during the Golden Age of the Samurai" (Japan Forum 5.1 [1993]), and
"Pushing Beyond the Pale: the Yamato Conquest of the Emishi and Northern
Japan" (Journal of Japanese Studies 23.1 [1997]).
Current project: Samurai, Warfare and the State in Early Medieval Japan (for
Routledge Press' Warfare & History series).
*"Hired Swords" (now in paperback)
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0804726965/pmjsmailinglist
*"Legacies..."
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0824818792/pmjsmailinglist
Mikael S. Adolphson's mention of his new book is welcome. I have just
ordered it myself.
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0824823346/pmjsmailinglist
(The Gates of Power: Monks, Courtiers and Warriors in Premodern Japan.
University of Hawai'i Press, 2000.)
Links to other recent books can be found at
http://www.meijigakuin.ac.jp/~pmjs/biblio/byyear.html
Let me know off list of other books to include. I'd also like to know if
anyone objects to the inclusion of links.
Michael Watson
Date: Sep 05 2000 13:56:11 EDT
From: WorkshopGr...@....com
Subject: [pmjs] Swords
This may have been mentioned earlier (I have not read all of the postings).
Nothing in the index or contents, or a glance at the swordsmanship section,
points to phallic links but for general use try
Oscar Ratti and Adele Westbrook, "Secrets of the Samurai" from Tuttle (1973)
ISBN 0-8048 0917-8
This is a large, serious work and the references may lead to something.
A.M. Cohen
Date: Sep 05 2000 14:43:19 EDT
From: "Luke S. Roberts" <luker...@...anitas.ucsb.edu>
Subject: Re: [pmjs] Retired Emperor Yoshimitsu
Concerning people who were not emperors but became a "retired emperor" there is
an
example from the 1790's. This is the famous "songo" incident which put
Matsudaira
Sadanobu out of power. Emperor Kokaku wanted to have his father Norihito
(reading?
the characters are the ten of jiten (dictionary, and the jin of jinsei
(benevolent
government) ) granted the title of retired emperor (Daijou tennou) so that his
father could sit in a higher place in court. Sadanobu said it was unreasonable
and
then Kokaku said that there were two previous examples, Gotakakura-in (Prince
Morisada) by his brother Gohorikawa around the Jokyu disturbance (1221), and
Gosukou-in (Prince Sadanari) in 1448 by his son Gohanazono. Sadanobu retorted
that
these were happenings of rebellious times and not suitable as precedents. After
some more arguments the Kyoto court announced that they would have to grant the
title by the middle of January, 1792 because Norihito was sick. The Edo
government
took this as an affront to its authority and said that they would force the
retirement of the kanpaku and force a rescending of the title if this were
carried
out. Sadanobu then punished a few Kyoto officials for the part they had played
and
Kokaku gave up his dream. Norihoto's current grave in Kyoto has the name Keiko
tenno on it. Why? Because the Meiji government in 1884 named him daijou tenno.
A
little late to change his seating arrangements in the palace but it helped the
Meiji
tenno and the new government make a point about who was in charge now. This
information comes from Fujita Satoru's interesting and readable "Bakumatsu no
Tennou" (Kodansha 1994)
Date: Sep 05 2000 15:36:33 EDT
From: Royall.Ty...@....edu.au (Royall Tyler)
Subject: [pmjs] Yoshimitsu
Thanks to Mikael Adolphson, Thomas Conlon, and Elizabeth Oyler for their won
derful replies about Yoshimitsu and retired emperors who never reigned. I c
ould not have hoped for more.
Royall Tyler
Date: Sep 12 2000 07:53:29 EDT
From: Michael Watson <mwat...@...dion.ne.jp>
Subject: [pmjs] new profiles
So many items here that I'll provide a table of contents:
--Revised profiles and/or new email addresses for
John R. Bentley, Charo B. D'Etcheverry, Mindy Varner, and Richard Emmert
(note information about performance in October)
--Profiles for two new members:
Mary Louise Nagata, and Brian Betty.
John R. Bentley <jbentl...@....edu>
is now Assistant Professor of Japanese at Northern Illinois University
Charo B. D'Etcheverry <cdetcheve...@...staff.wisc.edu>
Assistant professor of Japanese (classical language and literature) in Dept.
of East Asian Languages and Literature, University of Wisconsin at Madison.
Dissertation dealt with the influences of Rear Court literary production as
manifested in three late Heian tales: Sagoromo monogatari, Hamamatsu
chunagon monogatari, and Yoru (Yowa) no nezame. Additional interests
include translation (Sagoromo), Muromachi tales, and the on-going
transformations of the classical canon.
Mindy Varner <mom...@...t.net>
I completed the MA in East Asian Studies at Yale in May 2000. My studies
primarily emphasized the premodern Japanese literary tradition. Currently, I
find myself in the process of making applications to various Ph.D. programs
for fall 2001 entry. Among my specific interests are noh adaptations of
waka, waki noh, nikki, monogatari and setsuwa collections. In the future, I
hope to pursue research that will be more intensively focused on noh texts.
Richard Emmert <emm...@....com>
I am an American and have studied, taught and performed noh drama in Japan
since 1973. I am a certified Kita school noh instructor, and have studied
all aspects of noh performance with a special concentration in movement and
music. I am a professor at Musashino Women's University in Tokyo where I
teach about Asian theatre and music. In Tokyo, I also direct a
semi-intensive, on-going Noh Training Project for English speakers. For the
past six summers, I have lead an intensive three-week Noh Training Project
in Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania sponsored by the Bloomsburg Theatre Ensemble.
Over the years I have led extended noh projects at several universities in
Australia, England, India, Hong Kong and the United States, most of which
have been with Kita Noh actor Matsui Akira. I have also co-authored with
Monica Bethe a series of noh performance guides which have been published by
the National Noh Theatre in Tokyo. On October 29th, I will be performing the
lead shite role in the noh play Kantan in my teacher's annual Sadamu-Kai
recital to be held at the Kita Nohgakudo in Meguro, Tokyo.
** and now profiles for two new members
Mary Louise Nagata <mlnag...@...puserve.com>
I am a membre associe at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales,
Centre de Recherches Historiques (EHESS/CRH) in Paris. I live, however, in
Geneva, Switzerland. As a former member of the EurAsian Project for
Population and Family History, much of my work in the last 5 years has been
in the family and demographic history of early modern (kinsei) Japan. I
also work on labor and business using "hokonin ukejo"and other related
documents. At present I have several projects in progress. I am working on
the demography of several Kyoto neighborhoods around 1820-1870 using "Shumon
aratame cho." I also use this type of document for Kyoto and other areas
asavailable to research name changing and its relation to family, work and
community structures. My latest project is a case study of an inheritance
case in Kyoto 1819-1834 involving an adopted heir, a divorced wife and her
son, one or more concubines (mekake) and their children and the suit brought
by the former concubine against the new head in the magistrates court.
There appears also to be a connection to the Eta Hinin and early
developments in their emancipation. Another area I do not focus on much for
research, but has proved an interesting supplementary source is katarimono
from the kabuki tradition Tokiwazu school.
Recent publications: (1998) "Name changing patterns and the stem family in
early modern Japan: Shimomoriya," in Antoinette Fauve-Chamoux and Emiko
Ochiai eds HOUSE AND THE STEM FAMILY IN EURASIAN PERSPECTIVE/Maison et
famille-souche: perspectives eurasiennes, Proceedings of the C18 Session
Twelfth International Economic History Congress, pp. 291-319.
(1998) co-author with Chiyo Yonemura, "Continuity, solidarity, family and
enterprise: What is an IE?"in Antoinette Fauve-Chamoux and Emiko Ochiai eds
HOUSE AND THE STEM FAMILY IN EURASIAN PERSPECTIVE/Maison et famille-souche:
perspectives eurasiennes, Proceedings of the C18 Session Twelfth
International Economic History Congress, pp193-214,
(1999) "Why Did You Change Your Name? Name Changing Patterns and the Life
Course in Early Modern Japan," THE HISTORY OF THE FAMILY An International
Quarterly, Volume 4, Number 3, pp315-338.
(1999) "Balancing Family Strategies with Individual Choice: Name Changing in
Early Modern Japan," JAPAN REVIEW, 11, pp145-166.
Forthcoming (2000.12), "Labor Migration, Family and Community in Early
Modern Japan," in Pamela Sharpe ed. WOMEN, GENDER, AND LABOR MIGRATION,
London and New York: Routledge Press.
Forthcoming, "Family Strategies in Stem Family Businesses in Ealry Modern
Kyoto, Japan," in Eugenio Sonnino ed. LIVING IN THE CITY, Universita di
Roma, La Sapienza.
Forthcoming, "Leaving the Village for Labor Migration in Early Modern
Japan," in Franz van Poppel and Michel Oris eds LEAVING HOME IN EURASIAN
PERSPECTIVE, (NIDI? or Cambridge).
******
Brian Betty <bbe...@...d.org>
Cambridge, MA Harvard University (East Asian Studies) '97,
Beijing University's Mandarin Language Center 1996 Current projects: General
studies in the ecology, history, and linguistics of pan-Arctic and north
Asian peoples, especially reindeer/caribou herding peoples of
Siberia/Manchuria and Northern Canada/Alaska. I am applying to graduate
school this year to study a combined program of applied biology (ie. biology
plus economics and government) in order to work with native peoples in the
above regions with the problems of environmental destruction and economic
and political disenfranchisement. I am young, so I have only had a few
things published, most notably the Let's Go Guide to South East Asia 1998
[Hong Kong and North Sumatra sections]. Other useful information: I am a
Korean Zen Buddhist, I have a relentless thirst for language, linguistics,
and comparative religion, and I write and edit table-top RPG game
supplements in my spare time.
Welcome to both new members.
Michael Watson
Date: Sep 12 2000 13:57:22 EDT
From: Brian Betty <bbe...@...d.org>
Subject: [pmjs] Greetings!
I just wanted to say hello to everyone on this list - I'm pleased to be
able to listen in and discuss with such an eminent group of scholars,
researchers, and enthusiasts.
I will mostly keep my trap shut here, but I *do* have one question - which
perhaps can be answered off-list if it is a tired subject, although I did
not see it discussed in the FAQ or the archives...
Does anyone have an author or title for an introductory English work to
Classical Japanese? I have found some grammars that discuss CJ in reference
to MJ, but I'm looking for an introductory text - a basic reader for an
English speaker. My modern Japanese isn't *nearly* good enough for that.
But perhaps one doesn't exist ... Apologies if I've missed something obvious.
Thanks!
Brian Betty
Cambridge, MA
bbe...@...d.org
[I've reposted my character flaws below for ease of identification]
{see above /ed}
See BUNGO archive for this long thread
Date: Sep 24 2000 01:15:53 EDT
From: Michael Watson <mwat...@...dion.ne.jp>
Subject: [pmjs] Korean romanization
Can anyone help me with Korean romanization? I'm editing a translation from
Japanese about early literature which makes reference to many Korean proper
names. The author has kindly had a Korean student write in all
romanizations, but they do not appear to be those standard in English
publications, e.g.
Baekje for Paekche ($BI4:Q(J J. Hyakusai / Kudara)
Goryeo for Koguryo (with diacritic] ($B9bNo(J)
Judging from web references,the student may have used the Korean Ministry of
Education system rather than the McCune-Reischauer system widely used by
Western libraries, e.g.
http://www.library.ucla.edu/libraries/eastasian/cjktable.htm
The article is to published by the Higashi Asia Kenkyujo which specifies
"AAS hooshiki" for Korean romanization. I find no reference on the web to
"AAS style" of Korean romanization, but presume it that used by the
Bibliography of Asian Studies:
http://ets.umdl.umich.edu/b/bas/
Not having institutional access to this database, I cannot confirm whether
BAS uses [revised?] McCune-Reischauer. Can anyone confirm?
By coincidence, a survey course on cultural history I'm teaching is just at
the stage where Paekche/Koguryo/Silla are important. Those of you who teach
similar courses might find it interesting to do web searches on names like
these (AND Baekje...) to unearth materials in English on Korean sites--I was
surprised at the wealth of well illustrated sites showing archeological
finds and art works from early Korea.
Michael Watson
Date: Sep 25 2000 14:11:00 EDT
From: v...@...nell.edu
Subject: [pmjs] work on chusei nihongi
Hello all
I am looking for books that deal with how the
kojiki*nihonshoki were read/interpreted in the medieval period.
I had initially thought that Konoshi Takamistu had done work on this, but
I am having trouble finding the books in which he deals with this issue.
If anyone knows books/scholars that treat this question---your assistance
will be greatly appreciated.
Thank you in advance!
Vyjayanthi Ratnam
Date: Sep 25 2000 15:16:13 EDT
From: "Michael Wachutka" <michaelwachu...@...mail.com>
Subject: Re: [pmjs] work on chusei nihongi
One starting point to look at how Nihonshoki was read/interpreted would
probably be the book of Yamada Hideo. _Nihonshoki_ (Tokyo: Kyoikusha, 1979).
Besides Nihongi's origin and contents, Yamada also deals with its
commentaries and use over time.
I for myself would be very interested to know of some other good works on
that matter as well, if you get some private response, pls. put the results
on the list!
Greetings,
Michael Wachutka
Date: Sep 25 2000 15:44:08 EDT
From: "John R. Bentley" <jbentl...@....edu>
Subject: Re: [pmjs] work on chusei nihongi
It should be noted from the outset that Kojiki and Nihon shoki were treated
differently
throughout most of history, and so reception as an issue will be different
depending
on which text you choose (Kojiki was essentially ignored other than in Shinto
circles
until the Edo era), while Nihon shoki was basically cut into pieces depending on
the
person's preferences. Thus it is easy to find a COMPLETE manuscript of Kojiki,
but
not of Nihon shoki.
Being in the midst of trying to finish my translation of Nihon shoki, let me
first
say that there is an enormous amount of work on the subject of Nihon shoki in
general, but usually a chapter is devoted to a specific subject. This makes it
difficult
to look for a specific book, unless you aldreay know the contents. If one is
mainly
interested in reception and reading, I suggest you start with the following:
Onoda Mitsuo. Kojiki Shaku Nihongi Fudoki no bunkengakuteki kenkyu (Tokyo:
Zoku Gunsho Ruiju Kanseikai, 1996)
Onoda Mitsuo's introduction to Shaku nihongi in Shaku nihongi (Tokyo: vol 5 of
Chusaku-hen of Shinto Taikei, Shinto Taikei Hensankai, 1986)
I mention Shaku nihongi because this contains the Shiki, or private minutes of
lectures that fielded questions related to Shoki. These shed valuable light on
early
reception of the text.
After that, one should likely take a look at
As far as Konoshi Takamitsu, I'm not sure which books you are looking for.
I can at least offer the following:
1) Kojiki-Nihon shoki (Tokyo, Shinchosha, 1991)
2) Ronshu: "Nihon shoki", "Jindai" (Osaka, Izumi Shoin, 1993)
Other sources that are fascinating are:
Makabe Toshinobu, ed. Jindai no maki kuketsu. (Vol. 3 of Koten Chushakuhen
of Shinto Taikei. Shinto Taikei Hensankai 1986).
Ichijo Kaneyoshi (Kanera). Nihon shoki sanso. (No known annotated text)
Kiyowara Nobukata. Nihon shoki-sho. (No known annotated text).
These last three texts show how Buddhism and other religious or philosophical
view points had changed the 'reading' of the text.
I have not touched upon Kojiki, because I believe that is the easier of the two
works
to get a grasp on when it comes to reception.
Hope that helps.
Best,
John Bentley
Date: Sep 25 2000 16:28:44 EDT
From: wwf1 <w...@...ux.utcc.utk.edu>
Subject: RE: [pmjs] work on chusei nihongi
Dear all,
It is good to hear John is working on a translation of the Nihon shoki.
Do you find Aston's old translation at all helpful?
Two other places to look for commentaries on the Nihon shoki: try the
KAIDAI to the KOKUSHI TAIKEI version. I don't have it to hand, but it may
give something on transmission of texts. Second, there is a multivolume
series (20+) called NIHON SHOKI KENKYUU. I believe that it was published over
such a long time that the editors changed several times. I believe that Saeki
Arikiyo and Yokota Ken'ichi were both editors at one time or another. It may
have useful articles.
Happy hunting,
Wayne Farris
Date: Sep 25 2000 16:45:33 EDT
From: Hank Glassman <oh...@...and.stanford.edu>
Subject: Re: [pmjs] work on chusei nihongi
Hello All --
Vyjayanthi Ratnam asks about scholars who have worked on chusei nihongi. I
know that Abe Yasuro of Nagoya Daigaku has worked on this theme. No refs.
are handy to me here, but that's a start for you. More to follow.
good luck,
Hank Glassman
Date: Sep 25 2000 16:35:55 EDT
From: Noel John Pinnington <no...@...rizona.edu>
Subject: [pmjs] Chakras, Kundalini and Tachikawa
I wonder if anyone on the list can help me with the following question.
To those whose image of tantrism derive from books by apologists for Tibetan
Buddhism (ie Lama Govinda) or Kundalini Yoga (Swami Vivekananda), the
central practice involves the use of breathing techniques to stimulate
sexual energies to ascend the spinal column, invigorating in turn chakras
physical centres productive of certain spiritual states. In Tibet these
wheels or lotuses are associated with the "great elements" Earth, Fire,
Water, and so on, as represented in stupa by geometric forms. The building
of a stupa is indeed said to be a physical parallel to the development of
spiritual powers.
Are there any similar practices found in Japan, for example, within the
Tachikawa sect or other practitioners of sexual mysticism?
When I look at standard Japanese Buddhist reference works they seem to be
uncomfortable about tantric practices, taking the stance that they are and
always have been a cover for lewd acts. I have not been able to find in
Japanese Buddhism the diagram of a seated practitioner with different
petalled lotuses sited one above the other that one finds elsewhere.
Any ideas?
Noel Pinnington
Date: Sep 25 2000 17:26:13 EDT
From: Jacqueline Stone <jst...@...nceton.EDU>
Subject: Re: [pmjs] work on chusei nihongi
Have you seen Isomae Jun'ichi's _Kiki shinwa no metahisutorii_
(Yoshikawa Koobunkan, 1998)? It traces some specific threads in the
history of interpretation of the Kojiki and Nihon shoki from ancient
times to the present and includes some discussion of chuusei.
--Jackie Stone
Date: Sep 25 2000 18:05:29 EDT
From: "Richard Bowring" <rb...@...mes.cam.ac.uk>
Subject: [pmjs] Chuusei Nihongi
I have just deleted the messages about this for some reason, so I hope this
gets through to the questioner.
I would say the place to start is the following really excellent discussion:
Yamamoto Hiroko, Chuusei shinwa, Iwanami Shinsho 593, published in 1998.
Richard Bowring,
University of Cambridge
Date: Sep 25 2000 23:26:19 EDT
From: David Lurie <davidlu...@...oo.com>
Subject: [pmjs] work on chusei nihongi
The best places to start for Konoshi Takamitsu's work
on "Chusei Nihongi," and on the broader reception
history of the Kojiki, Nihon shoki, and other early
texts (such as the Kogo shui), are two books he
published last year:
Kojiki to Nihon shoki: Tenno shinwa no rekishi (a
very readable, introductory paperback from Kodansha
gendai shinsho)
Kodai tenno shinwa ron (Wakakusa shobo; a large
and comprehensive collection of articles from the late
1980's onward)
Useful overviews are also provided by the following
two articles:
Shinwa no shisoshi/oboegaki: 'Tenno shinwa' kara
Nihon shinwa e (Man'yoshu kenkyu 22, 1998)
'Nihon shinwa' no raireki (Sozo sareta koten, ed.
Haruo Shirane and Tomi Suzuki; Shin'yosha 1999)
Another essential resource is his Kojiki Nihon shoki
hikkei (Bessatsu Kokubungaku; Gakutosha, 1995), which
contains, along with a wealth of other information,
reliable discussions of the manuscript histories of
the Kojiki and Nihon shoki, timelines of commentaries,
treatises, and so on, overviews of the major periods
of the texts' reception, and suggestions for further
reading.
David Lurie
Date: Sep 26 2000 01:22:52 EDT
From: Hank Glassman <oh...@...and.stanford.edu>
Subject: Re: [pmjs] Chakras, Kundalini and Tachikawa
Noel Pinnington wrote:
> In Tibet these
>wheels or lotuses are associated with the "great elements" Earth, Fire,
>Water, and so on, as represented in stupa by geometric forms. The building
>of a stupa is indeed said to be a physical parallel to the development of
>spiritual powers.
On the representation of the body as a pagoda of the five elements (gorin
no tou) corresponding to the five organs, and as a single pointed vajra,
see Kakuban's 1141 _Gorin kuji myou himitsu shaku_( or_Gorin kuji
hishaku_). James Sanford reproduces these diagrams in his delightful
article "Wind, Waters, Stupas, and Mandalas: Fetal Buddhahood in Shingon"
in _Japanese Journal of Religious Studies_ 24/1-2 (Spring 1997), p. 18.
It is perhaps worth observing that the "rin" of "gorin no tou" means wheel
as does "cakra" [chakra].
The gorintou is actually a fascinating subject of study in itself. It is
seen as the samaya-form body (symbolic of the vow) of Dainichi nyorai as he
appears in the Womb-world mandala. Real stupas in this shape seem to be a
Japanese invention and begin to appear just a few years after Kakuban's
text is written. They proliferate rapidly in the twelfth and thirteenth
centuries.
(As to whether the central practice of tantrism [mikkyou] is sexual yoga,
that's another kettle of fish, or can of worms, or whatever.)
hope this helps,
Hank Glassman
Date: Sep 26 2000 00:01:12 EDT
From: Michael Watson <mwat...@...dion.ne.jp>
Subject: Re: [pmjs] Chakras, Kundalini and Tachikawa
> James Sanford reproduces these diagrams in his delightful
> article "Wind, Waters, Stupas, and Mandalas: Fetal Buddhahood in Shingon"
> in _Japanese Journal of Religious Studies_ 24/1-2 (Spring 1997), p. 18.
The whole article including diagrams can be downloaded in PDF format, see
the journal's exemplary index at:
http://www.nanzan-u.ac.jp/SHUBUNKEN/jjrs/jjrs-cumulative-list.html
Michael Watson
Date: Sep 26 2000 02:37:09 EDT
From: wwf1 <w...@...ux.utcc.utk.edu>
Subject: RE: [pmjs] Chakras, Kundalini and Tachikawa
Dear Noel,
Check with Andrew Goble. I believe that he touches on the Tachikawa sect
in his book on GoDaigo. I don't recall much, but he would know.
Best wishes,
Wayne Farris
Date: Sep 26 2000 14:06:17 EDT
From: William Bodiford <bodif...@...a.edu>
Subject: Re: [pmjs] Korean romanization
****At 9/24/00 , Michael Watson <wat...@...eijigakuin.ac.jp> wrote:
>
>
>Can anyone help me with Korean romanization?
>
>
I am not in Korean Studies, but since no one else has answered I will
share what little I know. There are three systems of romanization in wide use
today:
(1) McCune-Reischauer
(2) Ministry of Education of Republic of Korea
(3) Yale
The Yale system is used by some linguists, but most Western academic
authors (and the U.S. Library of Congress) use the McCune-Reischauer
system. I
would guess that the Journal of the Association for Asian Studies also uses
McCune-Reischauer, but I could not fine any style guidelines on their web
site.
The most accurate way to insure correct romanization is to start by
looking up all the terms in a Korean dictionary. A Korean dictionary will
give
you the official Hangul spelling for each word. Even native speakers do not
always use the standard (dictionary) Hangul spellings for words with which
they
are not familiar. Then, once you have the Hangul spellings, convert the
Hangul
to romanization according to the rules described by McCune and Reischauer.
As far as I know, there is no "officially" revised version of
McCune-Reischauer system, although various revisions have been proposed over
the years. For a description of the original McCune-Reischauer, see:
Transactions of the Korean Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (1939), vol
29.
For a description of various proposed revisions, see: Robert Austerlitz et
al.
"Report of the Worship Conference on Korean Romanization," Korean Studies
(1980), vol. 4, pp. 111--125.
The trickiest part of the McCune-Reischauer system (or any system) is
how to account for the sound changes that occur when syllables are combined.
Various Korean-language textbooks provide simplified explanations. I have an
old handwritten table that is very easy to follow, but very difficult to read
since it has been xeroxed so many times over the years. I would be happy to
mail yet another copy to you. Be forewarned: It might not be legible.
If anyone has better or more up-to-date information, I would be very
interested in learning it.
_______
William Bodiford
Date: Sep 26 2000 14:27:22 EDT
From: William Bodiford <bodif...@...a.edu>
Subject: Re: [pmjs] Chakras, Kundalini and Tachikawa
****At 9/25/00 , Noel Pinnington wrote:
>
>
> . . . . . .I have not been able to find in
>Japanese Buddhism the diagram of a seated practitioner with different
>petalled lotuses sited one above the other that one finds elsewhere.
>
>
These types of diagrams certainly exist in Japan. Since the central
lotus in the womb mandala is said to be the unfolding of the human heart,
images of the lotus within the body are a standard artistic motif. It is not
especially associated with Tachikawa, but is as mainstream as anything
else. I
have a xerox of one that I usually hand out to students in my courses on
Japanese Buddhism. Right off of the top of my head, though, I am not sure
where I originally found this illustration. I seem to remember that it was in
the following (although I could be mistaken):
Daijo Bukkyo kara Mikkyo e : Katsumata Shunkyo Hakushi koki kinen
ronshu
/ [hensha Katsumata Shunkyo Hakushi Koki Kinen Ronbunshu Kankokai] Tokyo :
Shunjusha, Showa 56 [1981]
Good luck,
William Bodiford
Date: Sep 26 2000 12:50:12 EDT
From: Brian Betty <bbe...@...d.org>
Subject: [pmjs] Korean romanization choices
William Bodiford wrote: "The Yale system is used by some linguists, but
most Western academic authors (and the U.S. Library of Congress) use the
McCune-Reischauer system."
May I be snarky and observe that the reason that the US Library uses it is
because, as with many of its other choices, it is the most irritating
option? ;-)
"The most accurate way to insure correct romanization is to start by
looking up all the terms in a Korean dictionary. A Korean dictionary will
give you the official Hangul spelling for each word. Even native speakers
do not always use the standard (dictionary) Hangul spellings for words with
which they are not familiar. Then, once you have the Hangul spellings,
convert the Hangul to romanization according to the rules described by
McCune and Reischauer."
I am a student of Korean and this is, as far as I know, the unfortunate
truth of the matter. Yale converts very easily from Hankul to roman
letters, but McCune-Reischauer tries to make words 'user-friendly' (hah!)
by marking [subphonemic] voicing, etc.: this ends up causing some confusion
in the use of written stops and gives the appearance that there are more
sounds in Korean than in the written form. The 'best' bet is to choose
either McCune-Reischauer or Yale and stick with it. I personally prefer
Yale because it has a closer 1-to-1 representation (and IMHO therefore
easier for the non-specialist to figure out, especially for Japanese and
Chinese speakers who want to compare Sino-Korean terms with Sino-Japanese
or modern Chinese words), but it is not in general use like
McCune-Reischauer is. I cannot in good faith choose the third option, as I
find it misleading in the terms of the representation of Korean stops to
the point of unintelligibility for non-specialists.
*sigh*
Ain't that the way of the world.
Monkeygod
Date: Sep 26 2000 15:36:34 EDT
From: "John R. Bentley" <jbentl...@....edu>
Subject: Re: [pmjs] Korean romanization
Forgive me for not responding directly. Michael and I have corresponded about
this in private.
William Bodiford wrote:
> I am not in Korean Studies, but since no one else has answered I will
> share what little I know. There are three systems of romanization in wide use
> today:
>
> (1) McCune-Reischauer
> (2) Ministry of Education of Republic of Korea
> (3) Yale
>
> The Yale system is used by some linguists, but most Western academic
> authors (and the U.S. Library of Congress) use the McCune-Reischauer
> system.
Simply to be fair, I think most linguists use Yale. Yale has the distinct
advantage
of being easy to type. A nice chart of Hangul, M-R, and Yale can be found on
page xiv of Ho-min Sohn's book, Korean (Routledge, 1994).
John Bentley
Date: Sep 26 2000 16:15:28 EDT
From: Hank Glassman <oh...@...and.stanford.edu>
Subject: Re: [pmjs] Chakras, Kundalini and Tachikawa/chusei nihongi
Hello all,
Here is the article I mentioned on chuusei shinwa:
Abe Yasuro, "Chuusei ooken to chuusei Nihongi: Sokuihoo to sanshuu
shingisetsu o megurite" in
Nihon bungaku 365 (1985), 31-48.
Also I am resending a chakra/kundalini post, my computer seems to have
thought it was October and this is causing problems in queing (at least
from where I sit) -- my apologies if it is an uneccesary repost.
best,
Hank Glassman
Date: Sep 26 2000 20:29:48 EDT
From: robin...@....ac.jp (Kenneth R. Robinson)
Subject: [pmjs] Korean romanization
To add a few notes to the discussion of Korean romanization, in July of
this year, the South Korean government introduced a new romanization
system. A romanization chart and explanation may be found in "Korea
Foundation Newsletter," vol. 9 no. 3 (May-June 2000), pp.12-13. In this
new system, which incorporates elements of the older Republic of Korea
Ministry of Education system (which the government had replaced with
McCune-Reischauer), the diacritics are eliminated. "Street signs will be
changed to the new system through the end of 2005." (p. 12)
In addition to Ho-min Sohn's book, a McC-R romanization chart and
explanation may be found in "Korea: A Historical and Cultural Dictionary,"
by Keith Pratt and Richard Rutt (with James Hoare), (Surrey: Curzon Press,
1999), pp. xiii-xvii.
Among many Koreanists writing in English, at this point in time, it would
seem that McC-R will likely remain the preferred system for
English-language academic publications. As has been noted, linguists
prefer the Yale System.
Ken Robinson
Date: Sep 26 2000 21:22:09 EDT
From: Michael Watson <mwat...@...dion.ne.jp>
Subject: [pmjs] Korean romanization
Many thanks to Kenneth Robinson and John Bentley for helping me off list
with my question of Korean romanization, and for the onlist discussion.
What was at issue was how to transcribe from KANJI glyphs (not Hangul) the
names of the ancient kingdoms Paekche and Kogoryo [breve on final o]
and--rather trickier--a dozen names of Buddhist monks/teachers who came to
Japan in the eras of Emperor Ojin or Shotoku-taishi. (The passages quoted
were mainly from Kojiki and Nihon shoki, but Aston and Philippi could not be
relied on for standard transcriptions.)
Ken Robinson valiantly checked for me the McCune-Reischauer readings of all
the names. This leads me to one final follow-up question. The Korean
equivalent of a Kan-Wa jiten might not be much help to the non-Koreanist.
(Or would it?) Is there an equivalent for Nelson's? Or is there one for
readers of Japanese that would help?
Yes I realize that this would still not necessarily solve the problem of
proper names, especially if, as William Bodiford warns, we must
> account for the sound changes that occur when syllables are combined.
Michael Watson
Date: Sep 26 2000 21:05:14 EDT
From: robin...@....ac.jp (Kenneth R. Robinson)
Subject: Re: [pmjs] Korean romanization
Michael asks about dictionaries and romanization.
>The Korean
>equivalent of a Kan-Wa jiten might not be much help to the non-Koreanist.
>(Or would it?) Is there an equivalent for Nelson's? Or is there one for
>readers of Japanese that would help?
Alas, there is no equivalent for Nelson's available to learners of Korean.
Many years ago, Bruce Grant compiled a Chinese characters dictionary
similar to, but much smaller than, Nelson's. I do not know if copies are
still available at large bookstores in Seoul. The most convenient
small-size character dictionary is a type generally called "okp'yOn"
$B6LJS(B.
These are eminently portable. At hand, I have the $B!X8=Be3hMQ6LJS!Y(B,which
co
st 5,500 wOn at the time. (Roughly US$5.) There also are several
excellent, larger dictionaries available.
These okp'yOn include not only the hangUl writing for the character
(typically, there is only one reading for Chinese characters), but also
onyomi and kunyomi readings, a one- or two-word English meaning, and a
kuzushi form for the character. However, to achieve a Korean pronunciation
or a romanization of that Chinese character, knowledge of hangUl is
necessary.
>Yes I realize that this would still not necessarily solve the problem of
>proper names, especially if, as William Bodiford warns, we must
>
>> account for the sound changes that occur when syllables are combined.
As I do not "speak" linguistics well, there may be a few infelicities in
the comments above and below. I apologize to the linguists and ask for
clarifications. The writing system known today as "hangUl" helps to
represent the Korean pronunciations of Chinese characters and other
elements in the Korean language. To offer one combination of characters,
the two characters $B4ZT"(B when romanized separately become "han" and "kuk"
in
McC-R. When combined and filtered through "the sound changes that occur
when syllables are combined," the romanization, in McC-R, becomes "Hanguk."
To perform these romanizations when using a chart such as that in "Korea:
A Historical and Cultural Dictionary," knowledge of hangUl is helpful.
I hope this helps.
Ken Robinson
Date: Sep 27 2000 17:01:30 EDT
From: wwf1 <w...@...ux.utcc.utk.edu>
Subject: RE: [pmjs] Korean romanization
Dear all,
Apropos of the discussion of Chinese characters and their readings in
Chinese, Japanese, and Korean, I've often wondered why no one ever decided to
do what Bruce Brooks began to do when he taught classical Chinese.
He "antiqued" the Chinese pronunciations of the various characters he
introduced, and from those "antiquings" it was possible to recreate through
educated guesses, the approximate readings in Japanese and Korean.
For example, for the character to learn or study (in Japanese, gaku,
daigaku no gaku), the antiqued Chinese pronunciation Brooks gave as xywek,
with the appropriate diacritical mark for Chinese tone. The "x" was
pronounced at the back of the throat, like a K or H in some languages. It was
then fairly easy to see how it would transmogrify into "gaku" in Japanese and
"hak" in Korean. Eventually, of course, the final consonant disappeared in
modern Chinese, but the system seemed so ingenious to me that I don't
understand why someone doesn't produce a dictionary, at least for classical
Chinese. Or is there one already?
Best,
Wayne Farris
Date: Sep 27 2000 17:12:32 EDT
From: Noel John Pinnington <no...@...rizona.edu>
Subject: [pmjs] Chakras etc.
Just a note to thank those who replied to my enquiry on Chakras etc.: Hank,
William, Wayne and Michael. Very useful indeed.
Noel Pinnington
--
Dept East Asian Studies
Franklin 404
University of Arizona, AZ 85721
Date: Sep 27 2000 19:27:41 EDT
From: "John R. Bentley" <jbentl...@....edu>
Subject: [pmjs] Reconstructed Chinese dictionaries
> Eventually, of course, the final consonant disappeared in
> modern Chinese, but the system seemed so ingenious to me that I don't
> understand why someone doesn't produce a dictionary, at least for classical
> Chinese. Or is there one already?
There are several. The easiest to use is perhaps Pulleyblank's Lexicon of
Reconstructed Pronunciation of Early Middle Chinese, Late Middle Chinese, and
Early Mandarin (
University of British Columbia, 1991).
Another is William Baxters's Handbook of Old Chinese, but it has fewer
characters.
Sergei Starostin also has a Reconstruction of the Old Chinese Phonological
System,
but if you don't read Russian, it is difficult to use (it's difficult to use
even
IF YOU DO
read Russian!).
John Bentley
Date: Sep 27 2000 20:21:32 EDT
From: "Sato/Wakabayashi" <hw...@...iij4u.or.jp>
Subject: Re: [pmjs] work on chusei nihongi
In response to the question about chuusei nihongi,
I just realized that Yoshie Akio has a chapter on Honji Suijaku
and Chusei Nihongi in his book, "Shinbutsu Shuugoo." (Iwanami
shinso, 1996).
The article by Abe Yasuroo mentioned by Hank Glassman is in
the journal, Gendai Shisoo vol. 20 no. 4 (April, 1992), in which he
discusses Hachiman engi and Chusei Nihongi.
Best,
Haruko Wakabayashi
Date: Sep 27 2000 20:33:05 EDT
From: William Bodiford <bodif...@...a.edu>
Subject: Re: [pmjs] Reconstructed Chinese dictionaries
At 9/27/00 , Wayne Farris wrote:
>>
>> Eventually, of course, the final consonant disappeared in
>> modern Chinese, but the system seemed so ingenious to me that I don't
>> understand why someone doesn't produce a dictionary, at least for classical
>> Chinese. Or is there one already?
>
And John Bentley responded:
>
>There are several. The easiest to use is perhaps Pulleyblank's . . . . .
>
>
Don't forget the Gakken Kanwa daijiten (1978), edited by Todo
Akiyasu.
It provides reconstructed Zhou, Qin, Sui, Tang, Yuan (and modern Pinyin)
pronunciations for most glyphs. Moreover, it is an extremely easy to use
dictionary, even if its definitions are not 100% reliable (sigh).
Also worth mentioning: The Kojaku Mojikyo program provides Japanese
"on" & "kun" readings as well as Chinese Pinyin and Korean pronunciations for
most of its 90,000 CJK glyphs.
William Bodiford
Date: Sep 27 2000 20:54:59 EDT
From: "Fabio Rambelli" <frambe...@...mail.com>
Subject: Re: [pmjs] Chakras etc.
Hello all,
sorry if this is late, but I just joined the list...
As Hank wrote, the gorintou is conceived of as the samaya-body of the
Dharmakaaya; as such, it is the model of the perfect body to be achieved by
the ascetic through practice. Interestingly, the gorintou is also the model
for funerary monuments in traditional Japanese tombs---signifying that
through death (and, importantly, Buddhist funerals), the person is
metamorphosed into the perfect shape/body of Mahaavairocana. Another aspect
of the gorintou is that is was commonly used in Japan as a simplified
version of the Mandala of the Two Realms (ryoukai mandara).
I recently translated a ritual text describing the basic principles and
meditative functions of the East Asian gorintou (five-wheel stupa); this
text is at the basis of Kakuban's Gorin kujimyou himitsushaku mentioned by
Hank and several other works in premodern Japan (even Eisai---or Yousai---'s
book on tea, Kissa youjouki). The reference for the translation is:
Fabio Rambelli, "Tantric Buddhism in East Asia", in David Gordon White, ed.,
Tantra in Practice. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000: pp. 361-380
Best,
fabio rambelli
Date: Sep 28 2000 01:30:36 EDT
From: Michael Watson <wat...@...eijigakuin.ac.jp>
Subject: [pmjs] new members
We welcome three new members to the list. Membership now stands at 230.
Contact me off list to submit or revise your profile
<wat...@...eijigakuin.ac.jp>
Paul Warnick <Paul_Warn...@....edu>
Brigham Young University
Andrea Winter <win...@...eport.com>
My name is Andrea Winter Erickson and I am a graduate student at the
University of Oregon. My interests are "Genji monogatari," women and
Buddhism, and bunraku.
Fabio Rambelli <frambe...@...mail.com>
Department of Cultural Studies, Sapporo University
I work on the esoteric Buddhist tradition in Japan, with special focus on
the Shingon school and the honji suijaku discourse; I am particularly
interested in their semiotic assumptions and ideological effects.
"Re-inscribing Mandala. Semiotic Operations on a Word and Its Object,"
Studies in Central and East Asian Religions, Vol. 4, 1991 (publ. 1992): pp.
1-24
"True Words, Silence, and the Adamantine Dance. On Japanese Mikkyo and the
Formation of the Shingon Discourse," Japanese Journal of Religious Studies
21/4 (December 1994): pp.373-405
http://www.nanzan-u.ac.jp/SHUBUNKEN/jjrs/426.pdf
"Religion, Ideology of Domination, and Nationalism. Kuroda Toshio on the
Discourse of Shinkoku," in The Legacy of Kuroda Toshio, edited by James C.
Dobbins, special issue of the Japanese Journal of Religious Studies (Fall
1996) Vol. 23/3-4, pp. 387-426
http://www.nanzan-u.ac.jp/SHUBUNKEN/jjrs/481.pdf
"Tantric Buddhism and Chinese Thought in East Asia," in Tantra in Practice.
Ed. by David Gordon White. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000: pp.
361-380
*I have added url to download JJRS articles in PDF format. For free copy of
Adobe Acrobat Reader software [Windows/Mac] needed to read PDF files see
http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep.html
Date: Sep 28 2000 07:46:09 EDT
From: "Michael Wachutka" <michaelwachu...@...mail.com>
Subject: Re: [pmjs] Korean romanization
Michael Watson wrote:
>The Korean equivalent of a Kan-Wa jiten might not be much
>help to the non-Koreanist. (Or would it?) Is there an equivalent >for
>Nelson's? Or is there one for readers of Japanese that would help?
>
It is quite a while since I last used it, but as far as I remember a
helpful dictionary might be:
Kwon, Hyogmyon (KwÊon, HyÊogmyÊon). _Basic Chinese-Korean character
dictionary_ (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1978)
On about 600 pages it gives the Chinese characters with Korean reading and
Englisch translations (with compounds), simmilar to Nelson.
Hope it is of use,
Michael Wachutka
Date: Sep 28 2000 10:06:04 EDT
From: Brian Betty <bbe...@...d.org>
Subject: [pmjs] Reconstructed Chinese
John Bentley wrote: "There are several. The easiest to use is perhaps
Pulleyblank's Lexicon of Reconstructed Pronunciation of Early Middle
Chinese, Late Middle Chinese, and Early Mandarin (University of British
Columbia, 1991). Another is William Baxters's Handbook of Old Chinese, but
it has fewer characters."
Of course, the problem is that both of these are heinously unlike any real
phonological system; even though Baxter is a *great* improvement on
Pulleyblank's romanisation, his reconstructions are still unwieldy to the
point of useless. I still can't believe a human throat and mouth can utter
even Baxter's reconstruction. Of course, he doesn't claim to be making a
speakable source; as Baxter himself says, he is attempting to capture all
the details of the phonological system laid out by the texts. Indeed, I
have found that he does 'translate' well to the speech-oriented work of
Wen-Chao Li; where Baxter has forms like [yw], Li has reconstructed for the
same system /y/ (umlauted u), which fits in nicely with the rest of the system.
This very reasonable view of Middle Chinese (at least for those hoping to
see something pronounceable) is available in Wen-Chao Li' "A
Diachronically-Motivated Segmental Phonology of Mandarin Chinese" (Berkeley
Insights in Linguistics and Semiotics, Vol. 37; Peter Lang Publishing,
2000), but unfortunately it has very few actual reconstructions. I have
been using his theory work with Baxter's data to work out a private list of
reconstructed Middle Chinese (heavily slanted towards a proto-Guanhua,
since Li's work is patently a history of the evolution of *Mandarin*), but
it is a truly painful process since Baxter does not mark which rhyme tables
to which his words belong - you have to guess. The results are rather
pleasing, however, and eminently sensible, look like words a human mouth
could actually utter, and make some kind of sense to my speaking brain.
Also, Li solves some rather long-standing and hairy problems of Middle
Chinese linguistics and the rhyme tables' organisation (such as the final
'-c/-ny' v. 'k/ng' problem and the 'four degrees' vowel classification),
which makes the whole rhyme tables finally make sense to me. Cheers to him!
anyhoo, there's my five ryoos' worth. ;-)
Monkeygod
Date: Sep 28 2000 17:15:39 EDT
From: wwf1 <w...@...ux.utcc.utk.edu>
Subject: RE: [pmjs] Reconstructed Chinese
Dear all,
Many thanks to William, John, and Brian for responding to my query.
Given Brian's comments, it really is a pity that Bruce Brooks didn't make his
classical Chinese text more widely available. Not only did he antique
pronunciations, but he introduced characters roughly according to their
frequency of appearance in Chinese texts of the periods up through Tang. Thus
we got "jr" (in Japanese "no" and "kore") very early. His understanding of
the grammar was peerless. He also had us memorize Tang poetry, ghost stories,
the Analects and the Shr Gyi (in portions). I still recall some of the poetry
and it's always fun to recite one at a kompa after sufficient lubrication and
watch the reaction!
Best,
Wayne Farris
Date: Sep 28 2000 16:36:20 EDT
From: "Robert E. Morrell" <rober...@...sci.wustl.edu>
Subject: Re: [pmjs] Korean romanization
Many of us non-specialists on Korea hesitate to come forward in
this discussion, but we have an interest in it. Occasionally, we might
have to romanize Korean terms, and it is quite a chore. As Michael
Watson says:
>The Korean equivalent of a Kan-Wa jiten might not be much
>help to the non-Koreanist. (Or would it?) Is there an equivalent >for
>Nelson's? Or is there one for readers of Japanese that would help?
There is a resemblance to the Wade-Giles/Pin-yin controversy --
which I could mention, but I didn't (right?).
Bottom line. PLEASE don't continue this
controversy forever. This will simply obscure Western understanding of
Korean literature/culture indefinitely -- in the interests
of linguists. Do we REALLY need another Wade-Giles/Pin-yin standoff?
Bob
Date: Sep 29 2000 08:20:23 EDT
From: "John R. Bentley" <jbentl...@....edu>
Subject: Re: [pmjs] Reconstructed Chinese
I realize this thread has NOTHING (or almost nothing) to do with PJMS, but
I would like to add a few notes.
Brian Betty wrote:
> Of course, the problem is that both of these are heinously unlike any real
> phonological system;
I think this is an unfortunate exaggeration. If you compare Pulleyblank with
Karlgren, and those who have based their reconstructions on Karlgren,
Pulleyblank
(1991) is a very SIMPLE phonological system.
> even though Baxter is a *great* improvement on Pulleyblank's romanisation,
This is a misleading statement, because Baxter (1992) is NOT an improvement of
anything Pulleyblank did. Pulleyblank is a reconstruction of what the
sixth-century
CE rhyme tables SUPPOSEDLY preserve. Baxter is mainly a reconstruction of
Shi jing poetry from 6-4 centuries BCE. Also, Baxter's work has nothing to do
with
Pulleyblank's romanization.
> his reconstructions are still unwieldy to the point of useless.
The biggest problem with previous reconstructions of any stage of Chinese
is that almost all scholars have ignored the critically important Sino-Xenic
data
(Sino-Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese). An accurate reconstruction of earlier
stages of Chinese cannot be done without these external data, because so many
mergers have taken place in Chinese. Pulleyblank is one of the few linguists to
have look at these data.
Li's work coupled with Baxter's will only yield limited results, if the Sino-
Xenic data are ignored. Remember, Sino-Japanese (particularly Goon)
are dated from around the fifth or sixth century CE. Kan-on comes from
around the late seventh and early eighth century. Sino-Vietnamese is later
than this, and Sino-Korean is perhaps the latest of the three.
For those who are interested, I would recommend the reader take a look
at Marc H. Miyake's dissertation available from UMI:
The Phonology of Eighth-Century Japanese Revisited: Another Reconstruction
Based upon Written Records (University of Hawaii, August 1999).
While his work deals primarily with Japanese phonology, his data are invariably
Chinese phonograms, and Marc goes into great detail about the underlying
phonology of Chinese (EMC, LMC) as well as the Sino-Xenic detail.
OK. I'll stop.
John Bentley
September 2000. Last edited 2001/07/26