• A.1 Bibliographic Data For Study Participants
• A.2 Stimuli Used In The Study
  • A.2.1 Tokens
  • A.2.2 Carrier Sentences
  • A.2.3 Presentation Order Of Carrier Sentences

A.1 bibliographic data for study participants

All participants were born and raised in Tokyo.

Table A.1 Participant data.

A.2 Stimuli used in the study

A.2.1 Tokens

Tokens with vowel devoicing sites, with glosses and Chinese characters for each. Pitch accent placement is marked with an apostrophe after the accented vowel; kuchi ‘mouth’ is unaccented.

A.2.2 Carrier sentences

Carrier sentences presented to the participants as separated by set. Tokens containing vowel devoicing sites are underlined. See §4.6.2.1 for discussion.

Sentence Set 1

• Tsuki to hoshi ga kakureta. ‘The moon and stars are hiding.’
• Tsuchi to hiryou ga iru. ‘Dirt and fertilizer are needed.’
• Chichi to haha ga genki da. ‘Father and mother are healthy.’
• Chiki to kazoku ga suki da. ‘People like friends and family.’
• Kiki to fuan ga tsunoru. ‘Crises and worry are mounting.’
• Kaiin to hanashiau. ‘I will speak to a member.’
• Satooya to tasukeau. ‘They and their foster mother help each other.’
• Tsumeeri to yoku niau. ‘It looks good with a military collar.’
• Mawatte kado o sugiru. ‘Turn and go past the corner.’
• Mawata kara tsukurimasu. ‘It will be made from virgin cotton.’

Sentence Set 2

• Kishi ka kawa ga suzushi. ‘Either the riverbank or the river is cool.’
• Kuki ka ha ga joobu da. ‘Either a stem or a leaf is strong enough.’
• Kushi ka burashi ga hoshii. ‘I wish I had a comb or a brush.’
• Kuchi to hana ga ookii. ‘Their mouth and nose are big.’
• Kichi to honbu ga chikai. ‘The military base & main office are close by.’
• Akuun to meguriau. ‘I am running into bad luck.’
• Kanaami to kuttsukeru. ‘It’s been attached to iron grating.’
• Sawatte tai o tsukamu. ‘Somebody touches and grabs the fish.’
• Mawari kara sagashimasu. ‘I will look around here for it.’
• Kawatte tori o nigasu. ‘Someone will release the bird for someone.’

A.2.3 Presentation order of carrier sentences.

All sentences were randomized within each repetition.

Block 1a

• repetition 1 (Sentences 1~10)
  • Sentences 1~10, slow
  • Sentences 1~10, normal;
  • Sentences 1~10, fast
• repetition 2 (Sentences 1~10)
  • Sentences 1~10, slow
  • Sentences 1~10, normal;
  • Sentences 1~10, fast
• repetition 3 (Sentences 1~10)
  • Sentences 1~10, slow
  • Sentences 1~10, normal;
  • Sentences 1~10, fast

Block 2a

• repetition 4 (Sentences 1~10)
  • Sentences 1~10, slow
  • Sentences 1~10, normal;
  • Sentences 1~10, fast
• repetition 5 (Sentences 1~10)
  • Sentences 1~10, slow
  • Sentences 1~10, normal;
  • Sentences 1~10, fast
• repetition 6 (Sentences 1~10)
  • Sentences 1~10, slow
  • Sentences 1~10, normal;
  • Sentences 1~10, fast

Block 1b

• repetition 1 (Sentences 11~20)
  • Sentences 11~20, slow
  • Sentences 11~20, normal;
  • Sentences 11~20, fast
• repetition 2 (Sentences 11~20)
  • Sentences 11~20, slow
  • Sentences 11~20, normal;
  • Sentences 11~20, fast
• repetition 3 (Sentences 11~20)
  • Sentences 11~20, slow
  • Sentences 11~20, normal;
  • Sentences 11~20, fast

Block 2b

• repetition 4 (Sentences 11~20)
  • Sentences 11~20, slow
  • Sentences 11~20, normal;
  • Sentences 11~20, fast
• repetition 5 (Sentences 11~20)
  • Sentences 11~20, slow
  • Sentences 11~20, normal;
  • Sentences 11~20, fast
• repetition 6 (Sentences 11~20)
  • Sentences 11~20, slow
  • Sentences 11~20, normal;
  • Sentences 11~20, fast